{"id":24451,"date":"2021-10-18T14:59:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T14:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agroland.ro\/?p=24451"},"modified":"2022-10-02T12:32:43","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T09:32:43","slug":"cum-recunoastem-ramurile-de-rod-ale-marului-si-ale-parului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/cum-recunoastem-ramurile-de-rod-ale-marului-si-ale-parului\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum recunoa\u0219tem ramurile de rod ale m\u0103rului \u0219i ale p\u0103rului?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00centotdeauna, t\u0103ierile la pomii fructiferi se fac \u00een func\u021bie de conducerea\u00a0 coroanei\u00a0 (tendin\u021ba natural\u0103 de formare a coroanei), pentru a ob\u021bine o fructificare bogat\u0103.\u00a0 T\u0103ierile de men\u021binere se bazeaz\u0103 pe eliminarea ramurilor care concureaz\u0103 cu ramura de conducere. Ramura de conducere se identific\u0103 u\u0219or, este ori axul principal, ori ramura de schelet ori semischelet a pomului fructifer. Pe acestea cresc \u0219i ramurile de rod. Pentru a efectua bine t\u0103ierile, este important\u0103 identificarea corect\u0103 a ramurilor de rod. \u00cen cele ce urmeaz\u0103 explic\u0103m detaliat cum se formeaz\u0103 trunchiul \u0219i coroana pomului fructifer, dar \u0219i cum se recunosc ramurile de rod, at\u00e2t la m\u0103r c\u00e2t \u0219i la p\u0103r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elementele componente ale tulpinii\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tulpina cuprinde totalitatea ramifica\u021biilor unui pom, care se \u00eentind deasupra solului, adic\u0103 cele care cresc vertical de la punctul de altoire. La pomii fructiferi este format\u0103 dintr-un trunchi \u0219i o coroan\u0103. Trunchiul este partea inferioar\u0103 a tulpinii, iar coroana partea ramificat\u0103 a tulpinii. De la punctul de altoire pot cre\u0219te vertical \u0219i l\u0103starii lacomi, care vor fi mereu elimina\u021bi, a\u0219a se men\u021bine trunchiul liber. Coroana se men\u021bine prin t\u0103ieri de \u00eentinerire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coroana se alc\u0103tuie\u0219te din:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">axul coroanei, situat \u00een prelungirea trunchiului, care se finalizeaz\u0103 cu o ramur\u0103 anual\u0103 numit\u0103 s\u0103geat\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ramurile de schelet \u0219i semischelet sunt cele mai viguroase, sus\u021bin ramurile vegetative \u0219i de rod, florile, fructele, frunzele. \u0218arpantele (ramurile de ordinul I) se formeaz\u0103 direct de pe axul pomului. Sub\u0219arpante (ramurile de ordin II \u0219i III) sunt ramifica\u021bii ale celorlalte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ramurile de semischelet au 4-6 ani, pe ele cresc ramuri vegetative \u0219i de rod.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramurile de rod ale m\u0103rului \u0219i ale p\u0103rului<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pintenul- ramur\u0103 de cre\u0219tere anual\u0103, de maxim 7 cm, cu mugure vegetativ \u00een v\u00e2rf. Pintenul cre\u0219te an de an, c\u00e2te 0,5-2 cm. Dac\u0103 este bine hr\u0103nit, p\u00e2n\u0103 toamna se va transforma \u00een \u021bepu\u0219\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smiceaua este o ramur\u0103 sub\u021bire, de 15-30 cm, cu mugure vegetativ \u00een v\u00e2rf, \u0219i cu muguri axilari de-a lungul ei. \u00cen anul urm\u0103tor, din mugurele terminal al smicelei se va forma o \u021bepu\u0219\u0103 sau o nuielu\u0219\u0103. Mugurii axilari se transform\u0103 \u00een pinteni apoi \u00een \u021bepu\u0219e<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u021aepu\u0219a este ramur\u0103 de rod propriu-zis\u0103, care seam\u0103n\u0103 cu pintenul, dar mugurele terminal este mixt, adic\u0103 are \u0219i por\u021biuni inelate \u0219i por\u021biuni simple. Din mugurele mixt apar frunze, flori \u0219i se formeaz\u0103 1-4 fructe. C\u00e2nd aceasta se \u00eengroa\u0219\u0103 va da na\u0219tere bursei, din care p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een toamn\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 ramuri noi de rod<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuielu\u0219a este o ramur\u0103 de rod propriu-zis\u0103, de 15-30 cm, \u00een cap\u0103t cu mugure mixt, \u0219i muguri axilari vegetativi. \u00cen anul urm\u0103tor, \u00een cap\u0103t se formeaz\u0103 o burs\u0103 cu 1-2 ramuri de rod, la mijloc \u021bepu\u0219e \u0219i la baz\u0103 pinteni<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ml\u0103di\u021ba are acelea\u0219i dimensiuni cu nuielu\u0219a, dar are mai mul\u021bi muguri mic\u0219ti la v\u00e2rf. Prim\u0103vara din mugurii mic\u0219ti se formeaz\u0103 mai multe burse, cu 1-2 ramuri noi de rod. La baz\u0103, ml\u0103di\u021ba are \u021bepu\u0219e \u0219i pinteni<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bibliografie: Pomi fructiferi &#8211; lucr\u0103ri de \u00eenfiin\u021bare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere a planta\u021biilor\/ Adrian Chira, Lenu\u021ba Chira, Fl. Mateescu; Lucr\u0103ri de t\u0103iere de la A la Z\/ Czaka Sarolta, Vallo Laszlo; T\u0103ierile de formare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere pentru pomi \u0219i arbu\u0219ti fructiferi \u0219i ornamentali\/ Jean-Yves Prat\/ Denis Retournard; 12 luni \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103\/ Karl Ploberger.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/ghiduri-pomi-fructiferi\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-11.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-11.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-11-300x111.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-11-768x284.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-11-1000x370.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-11-500x185.jpeg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00centotdeauna, t\u0103ierile la pomii fructiferi se fac \u00een func\u021bie de conducerea\u00a0 coroanei\u00a0 (tendin\u021ba natural\u0103 de formare a coroanei), pentru a ob\u021bine o fructificare bogat\u0103.\u00a0 T\u0103ierile de men\u021binere se bazeaz\u0103 pe eliminarea ramurilor care concureaz\u0103 cu ramura de conducere. Ramura de conducere se identific\u0103 u\u0219or, este ori axul principal, ori ramura de schelet ori semischelet a&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/cum-recunoastem-ramurile-de-rod-ale-marului-si-ale-parului\/\">Continu\u0103 lectura <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Cum recunoa\u0219tem ramurile de rod ale m\u0103rului \u0219i ale p\u0103rului?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,103,63,1454],"tags":[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523],"class_list":["post-24451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-gradina-livada","category-ingrijirea-plantelor","category-pomi-fructiferi","tag-mladita","tag-nuielusa","tag-pinten","tag-ramura-de-rod-mar","tag-ramura-de-rod-par","tag-sarpante-pom","tag-smicea","tag-tepusa","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24451"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32070,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24451\/revisions\/32070"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}