{"id":24455,"date":"2021-10-18T15:35:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T15:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agroland.ro\/?p=24455"},"modified":"2024-01-23T21:01:01","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T19:01:01","slug":"lucrari-de-intretinere-caracteristice-marului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/lucrari-de-intretinere-caracteristice-marului\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucr\u0103ri de t\u0103iere \u0219i cur\u0103\u021bare caracteristice m\u0103rului"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u0103rul este un pom fructifer foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, care se adapteaz\u0103 u\u0219or oric\u0103rei zone. Cu toate c\u0103 pomii fructiferi au \u00een general reguli de \u00eengrijire generale, fiecare specie \u00een parte are nevoie de \u00eengrijire caracteristic\u0103. M\u0103rul are \u0219i el caracteristici speciale de \u00eengrijire, pe care le prezent\u0103m \u00een cele ce urmeaz\u0103. \u00cengrijirea specific\u0103 va ajuta la dezvoltarea pomului \u0219i produc\u021bia mare de fructe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32048 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/taieri-mar-292x300.png\" alt=\"T\u0103ieri la m\u0103r\" width=\"448\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/taieri-mar-292x300.png 292w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/taieri-mar-768x788.png 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/taieri-mar-487x500.png 487w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/taieri-mar.png 830w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tipuri de fructificare la m\u0103r\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ierile la m\u0103r, ca la orice pom fructifer \u00een general, este bine s\u0103 se fac\u0103 la finele iernii. Este perioada \u00een care t\u0103ierea este suportat\u0103 cel mai u\u0219or, pentru c\u0103 m\u0103rul este \u00een perioada de repaus, c\u00e2nd stagneaz\u0103 circula\u021bia sevei. De asemenea, scopul principal al lucr\u0103rilor de t\u0103iere este acela de a forma coroana. Coroana m\u0103rului dicteaz\u0103 practic volumul zonei productive. Tipuri de fructificare la m\u0103r:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Primul tip de fructificare \u00eel reprezint\u0103 merii care au coroana<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0cu num\u0103r redus de ramifica\u021bii. Ramurile de rod sunt \u021bepu\u0219ele, situate foarte apropiate \u00eentre ele datorit\u0103 internodurilor scurte. Acestea cresc pe lemnul b\u0103tr\u00e2n, mai vechi de 2 ani. Zona productiv\u0103 nu se dep\u0103rteaz\u0103 de centrul coroanei. S<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oiul caracteristic este <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/119-mar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Starkminson<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al treilea tip de fructificare este cel standard, cu soiul caracteristic <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/119-mar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Golden Delicious<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/119-mar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jonathan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc. Zona de fructificare de pe \u0219arpant\u0103 este mare, datorit\u0103 ramifica\u021biilor. Ramurile de rod sunt nuielu\u0219ele \u0219i ml\u0103di\u021bele situate pe lemnul t\u00e2n\u0103r de 1-3 ani, situate pe extremit\u0103\u021bile coroanei.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fructificare care are ramurile de rod formate din nuielu\u0219ele \u0219i ml\u0103di\u021bele situate pe lemnul t\u00e2n\u0103r, de 1-3 ani, iar coroana de las\u0103 \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi, datorit\u0103 rodului bogat. Soi caracteristic <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/119-mar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Granny Smith<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru livezile clasice se folosesc soiuri cu coroan\u0103 mare, iar pentru livezile cu cre\u0219tere intensiv\u0103 pomii vor fi condu\u0219i cu coroan\u0103 aplatizat\u0103. \u00cen livezile superintensive se recomand\u0103 coroanele globuloase, dar cu volum redus.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vezi <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/cum-recunoastem-ramurile-de-rod-ale-marului-si-ale-parului\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cum s\u0103 identifici ramurile de rod la m\u0103r, pentru a \u0219tii cum s\u0103 faci t\u0103ierea corect\u0103!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ieri curente de fructificare la m\u0103r<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se face o apreciere a lungimii de cre\u0219tere anual\u0103 a pomului, a num\u0103rului de muguri mic\u0219ti, gradul de alungire \u0219i v\u00e2rsta semischeletului, c\u00e2t de dese sunt ramurile \u00een coroan\u0103. Dac\u0103 cre\u0219terile anuale sunt slabe, sub 25 cm \u0219i pomii nu au mul\u021bi muguri mic\u0219ti, scurtarea scheletului \u0219i a semischeletului va fi mai mai ad\u00e2nc\u0103. Scurtarea se face concomitent cu diminuarea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii de muguri mic\u0219ti. Dac\u0103 cre\u0219terile sunt prea viguroase, peste 50 cm, se va l\u0103sa pomului o \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 mare de muguri mic\u0219ti.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 num\u0103rul mugurilor mic\u0219ti este prea mic, se vor p\u0103stra pe c\u00e2t posibil toate ramurile cu rod. Dac\u0103 num\u0103rul mugurilor este mult prea mare, se elimin\u0103 60 la sut\u0103 din ei.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramurile semischelet \u0219i cele de rod se trateaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de pozi\u021bia lor pe coroan\u0103. \u00cen partea inferioar\u0103 a coroanei se p\u0103streaz\u0103 ramurile de semischelet viguroase. Se elimin\u0103 ramurile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite, \u00eendreptate spre p\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cen partea superioar\u0103 se p\u0103streaz\u0103 ramurile de semischelet cu\u00a0 pozi\u021bie spre orizontal\u0103, cu vigoare mijlocie. Pe acestea se va p\u0103stra \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 mare de muguri mic\u0219ti.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Ramurile de rod se trateaz\u0103 diferit:<br \/>a. Pintenii \u0219i \u021bepu\u0219ele se r\u0103resc, p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-se un spa\u021biu de 8-10 cm.<br \/>b. Smicelele nu se scurteaz\u0103, dec\u00e2t c\u00e2nd ajung s\u0103 fie pline de pinteni \u0219i \u021bepuse, \u0219i devin ramuri semischelet. Atunci se vor t\u0103ia deasupra a 3-4 pinteni.<br \/>c. Nuielu\u0219ele se r\u0103resc la 15-18 cm<br \/>d. Ml\u0103di\u021bele nu se scurteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 dup\u0103 mugurul mixt terminal mai au 1-2 muguri mic\u0219ti laterali. Dac\u0103 au mai mul\u021bi muguri mic\u0219ti laterali se se las\u0103 maxim 3, restul se taie<br \/>f. Ramifica\u021biile fructifere sunt t\u0103iate dup\u0103 cum este nevoie, dar se va men\u021bine cel pu\u021bin o ramur\u0103 de rod care produce flori \u0219i una care nu produce flori<br \/>g. Ramurile de la baza coroanei se suprim\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-25158\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar-300x187.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar-1000x625.png 1000w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar-500x312.png 500w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Taiere-la-mar.png 1228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Merii care rodesc periodic se taie diferit de la an la an<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fructificarea alternativ\u0103 este un fenomen care poate fi eliminat prin aplicarea t\u0103ierilor diferen\u021biate, de la an la an, \u00een func\u021bie de produc\u021bie. Sunt meri care rodesc foarte slab \u00eentr-un an, foarte mult \u00een urm\u0103torul, iar t\u0103ierile gre\u0219ite amplific\u0103 acest fenomen. Iat\u0103 procedura corect\u0103 pentru a elimina fenomenul alternan\u021bei de rod:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen anul f\u0103r\u0103 produc\u021bie, sau cu produc\u021bie foarte slab\u0103, m\u0103rul are nevoie de o \u00eentinerire radical\u0103 a semischeletului. Se va t\u0103ia energic pentru a favoriza formarea de l\u0103stari viguro\u0219i. Dac\u0103 se las\u0103 mult schelet \u00een anul f\u0103r\u0103 rod, efectul este de cre\u0219tere a num\u0103rului de l\u0103stari, dar cu vigoare slab\u0103 \u0219i cantitate mare de muguri. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar o supra\u00eenc\u0103rcare a m\u0103rului \u00een anul ce urmeaz\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen anul cu rodire maxim\u0103, se elimin\u0103 surplusul de muguri floriferi, se conserv\u0103 c\u00e2t de mult posibil lemnul de semischelet t\u00e2n\u0103r, care va forma l\u0103stari mai viguro\u0219i<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u0103rul, t\u0103ieri pentru fructificare<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u0103rul are nevoie de t\u0103ieri pentru fructificare \u00een fiecare an, \u00een vederea ob\u021binerii produc\u021biilor mari \u0219i sus\u021binute. T\u0103ierile se aplic\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rsta pomilor, \u00een func\u021bie de soi \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura cu muguri de rod.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La soiurile cu cre\u0219tere viguroas\u0103 \u0219i rod t\u00e2rziu, t\u0103ierile sunt sumare, \u0219i se limiteaz\u0103 la r\u0103rirea ramurilor care sunt \u00een plus.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La soiurile precoce, cu vigoare slab\u0103 sau mijlocie, cum este Golden Delicious, arcuirea ramurilor anuale nu este necesar\u0103, pentru c\u0103 pomii au tendin\u021ba s\u0103 se supra\u00eencarce cu fructe \u00eenc\u0103 de la a doua sau a treia fructificare. Pentru a preveni arcadele de rodire foarte aglomerate, care deformeaz\u0103 coroana, se \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 inflorescen\u021bele ce apar pe prelungirile anuale ale \u0219arpantelor. \u00cen plus, pentru a stimula cre\u0219terea vegetativ\u0103, vor fi r\u0103rite ramurile \u0219i chiar se vor scurta.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La pomii care se afl\u0103 \u00een perioada de produc\u021bie cre\u0219terea vegetativ\u0103 scade. Ramurile semischelet se alungesc, astfel se epuizeaz\u0103. Ramurile roditoare \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc, iar rodul apare pe ramurile tinere, deci pe extremit\u0103\u021bi. Pentru a fructifica corect, pomii trebuie s\u0103 formeze l\u0103stari lungi de 30-40 cm, iar mugurii mic\u0219ti s\u0103 reprezinte 35% din totalul mugurilor forma\u021bi. Ramurile semischelet, pe care apar ramurile de rod, trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 2-4 ani. \u00centre \u021bepu\u0219e, nuielu\u0219e, ml\u0103di\u021be (ramurile cu flori) \u0219i pinteni \u0219i smicele- (ramurile f\u0103r\u0103 flori) trebuie s\u0103 existe raport de 1:2-3.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramurile de rod au nevoie de perioad\u0103 de refacere biologic\u0103. Pomul va rodi an de an, alternativ, pe ramuri diferite de rod. Principala verig\u0103 \u00een t\u0103ierile de fructificare o prezint\u0103 ramurile semischelet. Acestea vor fi p\u0103strate scurte \u0219i tinere. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eemplinesc v\u00e2rsta de 4 ani, vor fi t\u0103iate deasupra a 1-3 ramuri de rod, adic\u0103 ramurile situate pe baza semischeletului. Por\u021biunile de sub semischelet, care se atrofiaz\u0103 an de an, se taie.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bibliografie: Pomi fructiferi &#8211; lucr\u0103ri de \u00eenfiin\u021bare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere a planta\u021biilor\/ Adrian Chira, Lenu\u021ba Chira, Fl. Mateescu; Lucr\u0103ri de t\u0103iere de la A la Z\/ Czaka Sarolta, Vallo Laszlo; T\u0103ierile de formare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere pentru pomi \u0219i arbu\u0219ti fructiferi \u0219i ornamentali\/ Jean-Yves Prat\/ Denis Retournard; 12 luni \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103\/ Karl Ploberger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/ghiduri-pomi-fructiferi\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-10.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-10.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-10-300x111.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-10-768x284.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-10-1000x370.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ghidurile-Agroland-ingrijirea-pomilor-fructiferi-10-500x185.jpeg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u0103rul este un pom fructifer foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, care se adapteaz\u0103 u\u0219or oric\u0103rei zone. Cu toate c\u0103 pomii fructiferi au \u00een general reguli de \u00eengrijire generale, fiecare specie \u00een parte are nevoie de \u00eengrijire caracteristic\u0103. M\u0103rul are \u0219i el caracteristici speciale de \u00eengrijire, pe care le prezent\u0103m \u00een cele ce urmeaz\u0103. \u00cengrijirea specific\u0103&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/lucrari-de-intretinere-caracteristice-marului\/\">Continu\u0103 lectura <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Lucr\u0103ri de t\u0103iere \u0219i cur\u0103\u021bare caracteristice m\u0103rului<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,103,63,1454],"tags":[1524,125,1525,1508,1526],"class_list":["post-24455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-gradina-livada","category-ingrijirea-plantelor","category-pomi-fructiferi","tag-curatare-mar","tag-lucrari-in-livada","tag-taieri-de-fructificare","tag-taieri-de-primavara","tag-taieri-mar","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24455"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36867,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24455\/revisions\/36867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}