{"id":36622,"date":"2023-12-08T20:52:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T18:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/?p=36622"},"modified":"2024-08-26T10:36:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-26T07:36:35","slug":"holera-pasarilor-de-curte-simptome-tratament-si-preventie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/holera-pasarilor-de-curte-simptome-tratament-si-preventie\/","title":{"rendered":"Holera p\u0103s\u0103rilor de curte &#8211; simptome, tratament \u0219i preven\u021bie\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Holera aviar\u0103 este o boal\u0103 contagioas\u0103, bacterian\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 p\u0103s\u0103rile domestice \u0219i s\u0103lbatice din \u00eentreaga lume. Apare de obicei ca o septicemie cu debut brusc cu morbiditate \u0219i mortalitate ridicat\u0103, dar apar \u0219i infec\u021bii cronice \u0219i asimptomatice.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"733\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/holera-la-pasarile-de-curte.png\" alt=\"Holera la p\u0103s\u0103rile de curte\" class=\"wp-image-36623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/holera-la-pasarile-de-curte.png 733w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/holera-la-pasarile-de-curte-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/holera-la-pasarile-de-curte-500x334.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Cite\u0219te \u00een acest articol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#holera\">Ce este holera aviar\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#simptome\">Care sunt simptomele holerei aviare<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#tratament\">Preven\u021bia \u0219i tratamentul \u00een cazul variolei aviare<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#specialist-agroland\">Sfatul Specialistului Agroland<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"holera\">Ce este holera p\u0103s\u0103rilor de curte?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Holera p\u0103s\u0103rilor este o boal\u0103 contagioas\u0103, bacterian\u0103 a p\u0103s\u0103rilor, cauzat\u0103 de Pasteurella multocida. \u00cen form\u0103 acut\u0103, provoac\u0103 o mortalitate crescut\u0103. \u00cen form\u0103 cronic\u0103, provoac\u0103 \u0219chiop\u0103tur\u0103, umfl\u0103turi ale ciucurilor la pui, pneumonie la curcani \u0219i torticolis, dar poate fi \u0219i asimptomatic\u0103. Vaccinurile vii atenuate sunt disponibile pentru a ajuta la prevenire, dar bacteria este sensibil\u0103 \u0219i la unele antibiotice. Pasteurella multocida, agentul cauzal al holerei p\u0103s\u0103rilor, poate fi subgrupat\u0103 dup\u0103 antigenele serogrupului capsular \u00een cinci tipuri capsulare \u0219i \u00een 16 serotipuri somatice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sensibilitatea p\u0103s\u0103rilor la boal\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de ras\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0103s\u0103rile infectate cronic \u0219i purt\u0103torii asimptomatici sunt considerate a fi surse majore de infec\u021bie. P\u0103s\u0103rile s\u0103lbatice pot transmite bacterii la p\u0103s\u0103rile de curte, \u00eens\u0103 la fel de posibil este ca infectarea s\u0103 fie cauzat\u0103 de roz\u0103toare, porci, c\u00e2ini \u0219i pisici.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Curcanii, g\u00e2\u0219tele \u0219i ra\u021bele sunt mai sensibile la boal\u0103 dec\u00e2t puii. Puii mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 sunt mai sensibili dec\u00e2t puii tineri. De asemenea, unele rase de pui sunt mai susceptibile dec\u00e2t altele.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Protejarea spa\u021biului de hran\u0103 \u0219i ad\u0103pare a p\u0103s\u0103rilor este esen\u021bial. Nu este bine ca p\u0103s\u0103rile s\u0103lbatice s\u0103 se hr\u0103neasc\u0103 din aceea\u0219i m\u00e2ncare cu p\u0103s\u0103rile de curte. De asemenea, aten\u021bie la d\u0103un\u0103tori. Mai ales \u00een perioada rece, \u0219oarecii \u0219i \u0219obolanii vor sta mai aproape de gospod\u0103ie. Trebuie luate m\u0103suri de preven\u021bie din timp, pentru a evita contactul cu p\u0103s\u0103rile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Bacteria care cauzeaz\u0103 holera nu poate fi transmis\u0103 prin ou\u0103.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Diseminarea holerei \u00een colectivul de p\u0103s\u0103ri se face \u00een principal prin excre\u021biile din gur\u0103, nas \u0219i conjunctiv\u0103 ale p\u0103s\u0103rilor bolnave care contamineaz\u0103 mediul. \u00cen plus, bacteria cauzatoare supravie\u021buie\u0219te suficient de mult pentru a fi r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 prin l\u0103zi contaminate, saci de hran\u0103, pantofi \u0219i alte echipamente.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simptome\">Simptomele holerei la p\u0103s\u0103rile de curte&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Forma supra acut\u0103&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clinic boala poate evolua supraacut c\u00e2nd p\u0103s\u0103rile mor brusc, f\u0103r\u0103 semne clinice evidente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uneori pur \u0219i simplu cad moarte de pe suporturile din ad\u0103posturi.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Forma acut\u0103, subacut\u0103 \u0219i cronic\u0103\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apare o stare de dezorientare, absen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i ignoran\u021b\u0103 total\u0103, cauzat\u0103 de sl\u0103biciunea fizic\u0103. Creasta \u0219i b\u0103rbi\u021bele se coloreaz\u0103 alb\u0103strui din cauza sc\u0103derii concentra\u021biei de hemoglobin\u0103 din s\u00e2nge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ciucurii se umfl\u0103 vizibil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0103s\u0103rile au diaree alb-verzuie.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pot ap\u0103rea \u0219chiop\u0103turi \u00een mersul p\u0103s\u0103rilor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Este posibil\u0103 apari\u021bia conjunctivitei exudativ\u0103 \u0219i faringitei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mortalitatea se dubleaz\u0103 sau se tripleaz\u0103 de la o zi la alta.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pneumonia este frecvent\u0103 la curcani.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Torticolisul poate ap\u0103rea atunci c\u00e2nd meningele, urechea medie sau oasele craniene sunt infectate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diagnostic\">Diagnostic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Boala atac\u0103 mai ales ra\u021bele \u0219i g\u00e2\u0219tele, iar dac\u0103 acestea mor subit este neap\u0103rat\u0103 carantina, tratamentul \u0219i anun\u021barea autorit\u0103\u021bilor. M\u0103surile se impun de la semnele clinice, iar de aici se porne\u0219te pentru un diagnostic corect. Diagnosticul se pune pe baza evolu\u021biei bolii, semnelor clinice, anatomopatologice, examenelor de laborator, care sunt confirmate prin cultura bacterian\u0103. Izolarea p\u0103s\u0103rilor care dau semne de boal\u0103 este obligatorie, fie c\u0103 sunt semne fizice evidente, ori doar apatie \u0219i indiferen\u021b\u0103. Se vor preleva probe de laborator. Bacteria trebuie izolat\u0103 \u00een timpul analizelor.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tratament\">Tratamentul holerei la p\u0103s\u0103rile domestice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Boala se trateaz\u0103 cu antibiotice \u0219i chimioterapice, dup\u0103 izolarea p\u0103s\u0103rilor. Este absolut necesar\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea condi\u021biilor de cazare \u0219i hran\u0103, de obicei condi\u021biile precare contribuie la apari\u021bia bolii. \u00cencepe cu <a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/cresterea-animalelor\/561-procid-forte-100ml.html\">dezinfectarea<\/a> \u0219i deratizarea ad\u0103postului, regulat, timp de c\u00e2teva luni. Boala <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansvsa.ro\/ansvsa\/structuri-teritoriale-d-s-v-s-a\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">se declar\u0103 oficial autorit\u0103\u021bilor<\/a> \u0219i se instituie carantin\u0103 de gradul 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Eradicarea infec\u021biei necesit\u0103 izolarea p\u0103s\u0103rilor bolnave, urmat\u0103 de cur\u0103\u021bare \u0219i dezinfec\u021bie temeinic\u0103. Antibioticele pot reduce mortalitatea, dar nu vor elimina bacteria cauzatoare dintr-un efectiv de p\u0103s\u0103ri.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sunt pe pia\u021b\u0103 medicamente vor reduce mortalitatea cauzat\u0103 de holera aviar\u0103. Dac\u0103 decesele continu\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se opre\u0219te tratamentul, \u00eensemn\u0103 c\u0103 bacteria este \u00eenc\u0103 prezent\u0103 \u00een colectiv. Penicilina este adesea eficient\u0103 pentru infec\u021biile rezistente la sulfi\u021bi. La ra\u021be, o injec\u021bie de streptomicin\u0103 combinat\u0103 cu dihidrostreptomicin\u0103 poate fi eficient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 antibiotice, tratamentul precoce \u0219i dozele adecvate sunt importante. Pentru a g\u0103si tratamentul potrivit, medicul veterinar ar trebui s\u0103 testeze sensibilitatea bacteriei la anumite medicamente, pentru a evita apari\u021biei tulpinilor multirezistente. Sulfametazina sau sulfadimetoxina din furaje sau ap\u0103 controleaz\u0103 de obicei mortalitatea.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preven\u021bia holerei aviare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunele practici de management, inclusiv un nivel ridicat de biosecuritate, sunt esen\u021biale pentru prevenire. Roz\u0103toarele, p\u0103s\u0103rile s\u0103lbatice, animalele de companie \u0219i alte animale care pot fi purt\u0103toare de P multocida trebuie excluse din ad\u0103posturile de p\u0103s\u0103ri. Organismul bacteriei este susceptibil la dezinfectan\u021bii obi\u0219nui\u021bi, lumina soarelui, uscare \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Nu uita! Holera p\u0103s\u0103rilor este o boal\u0103 bacterian\u0103 care atac\u0103 majoritatea p\u0103s\u0103rilor de curte.Provoac\u0103 mortalitate acut\u0103 \u0219i necroz\u0103 supurat\u0103 cronic\u0103. Este controlat\u0103 printr-o bun\u0103 biosecuritate, vaccinare \u0219i antibiotice.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vaccinare\">Vaccinarea \u00een cazul holerei la p\u0103s\u0103rile de curte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Deoarece vaccinurile bacterinele sunt eficiente doar \u00een prevenirea bolilor cauzate de acelea\u0219i serotipuri incluse \u00een vaccin, serotiparea somatic\u0103 este important\u0103. Astfel, este important s\u0103 se cunoasc\u0103 serotipurile cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u00eentr-o zon\u0103. Vaccinurile bacteriene autogene sunt recomandate atunci c\u00e2nd vaccinurile bacteriene polivalente se dovedesc a fi ineficiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vaccinurile vii atenuate sunt disponibile pentru administrare \u00een ap\u0103 de b\u0103ut la curcani \u0219i prin inoculare la g\u0103ini. Aceste vaccinuri vii pot induce eficient imunitatea \u00eempotriva diferitelor serotipuri de P multocida. Sunt recomandate pentru utilizare numai \u00een efectivele s\u0103n\u0103toase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"specialist-agroland\">Sfatul Specialistului Agroland<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cele mai agresive boli \u00een perioada de iarn\u0103 sunt <a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/pseudopesta-aviara-simptome-si-preventie-prin-vaccinare\/\">preudopesta aviar\u0103<\/a> \u0219i holera. Pentru fiecare dintre ele exist\u0103 vaccinuri pe pia\u021b\u0103, folosite pentru preven\u021bie. Pentru holer\u0103 este posibil \u0219i tratamentul. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Holera r\u0103spunde la antibiotice concomitent cu <a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/cresterea-animalelor\/371-jolo-mix.html\">Jolomix<\/a> \u00een ap\u0103. Dac\u0103 e form\u0103 supraacut\u0103 \u0219i acut\u0103 se folose\u0219te antibioticul injectabil. Cea mai bun\u0103 preven\u021bie este vaccinarea. Diferen\u021ba \u00eentre pest\u0103 \u0219i holer\u0103 este c\u0103 pesta afecteaz\u0103 mai mult g\u0103inile. Pesta e un virus, nu r\u0103spunde la antibiotice, \u00een schimb holera e o bacterie, r\u0103spunde la antibiotic. Cea mai bun\u0103 preven\u021bie este vaccinarea p\u0103s\u0103rilor toamna \u0219i prim\u0103vara, spune Ovidiu \u0218andru, cresc\u0103tor consacrat de p\u0103s\u0103ri, cu studii veterinare absolvite.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/ghiduri-agroland-cresterea-pasarilor\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Substrat-Universal-Agroland-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23937\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Substrat-Universal-Agroland-1.png 500w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Substrat-Universal-Agroland-1-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/magazinele-noastre\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"409\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-1024x409.png\" alt=\"buton Adrese magazine agroland\" class=\"wp-image-23940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-1024x409.png 1024w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-1000x400.png 1000w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-500x200.png 500w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine.png 1183w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Holera p\u0103s\u0103rilor de curte poate cauza mortalitate subit\u0103. Afl\u0103 cum se transmite \u0219i cum se trateaz\u0103 holera p\u0103s\u0103rilor de curte \u0219i cum se face preven\u021bia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":36623,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[39,112,101,40],"tags":[2223,2221,2224,2222,2225,2226],"class_list":["post-36622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-cresterea-pasarilor","category-gospodarie","category-specialistul-agroland","tag-cum-se-manifesta-holera-la-pasari","tag-holera-la-pasari","tag-moartea-subita-a-pasarilor","tag-simptomele-holerei-la-pasari","tag-tratamentul-holerei-la-pasari","tag-vaccinarea-impotriva-holerei-la-pasari","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36622"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38360,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36622\/revisions\/38360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}