{"id":41055,"date":"2025-07-09T05:39:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T02:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/?p=41055"},"modified":"2025-07-08T21:59:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T18:59:23","slug":"cum-se-poate-preveni-invazia-lacustelor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/cum-se-poate-preveni-invazia-lacustelor\/","title":{"rendered":"Invazia l\u0103custelor \u2013 ce o provoac\u0103 \u0219i ce solu\u021bii de preven\u021bie sunt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Invazia l\u0103custelor<\/strong> nu e doar un subiect biblic, ci o realitate agricol\u0103 care face, din ce \u00een ce mai des probleme. \u00cen vara lui 2025, Rom\u00e2nia a fost zguduit\u0103 de alerte cauzate de roiurile de l\u0103custe care au invadat, \u00een special, Delta Dun\u0103rii. Vezi cauzele \u0219i ce solu\u021bii pot fi luate \u00een comunit\u0103\u021bile afectate.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-1024x610.jpeg\" alt=\"invazia l\u0103custelor \u00een Delt\u0103\" class=\"wp-image-41057\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-1024x610.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-300x179.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-768x457.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-1536x914.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-1080x643.jpeg 1080w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-1568x934.jpeg 1568w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-1000x595.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05-500x298.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-07-08-at-20.59.05.jpeg 1599w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#motive\">6 motive pentru care are loc invazia l\u0103custelor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cum\">Cum afecteaz\u0103 culturile agricole<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#metode\">Metode de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva l\u0103custelor<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"motive\">De ce are loc invazia l\u0103custelor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen iulie, 2025, s-a raportat o <strong>invazie apocaliptic\u0103 de l\u0103custe \u00een Delta Dun\u0103rii<\/strong>. Localnicii din comuna C.\u202fA.\u202fRosetti au semnalat distrugerea a peste <strong>200\u2013250 hectare<\/strong> de vegeta\u021bie, at\u00e2t stuf, c\u00e2t \u0219i culturi agricole. Prefectura Tulcea a convocat, rapid, o comisie de urgen\u021b\u0103, din care fac parte <a href=\"https:\/\/igsu.ro\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ISU,<\/a> Ocolul Silvic, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anfdf.ro\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Autoritatea Na\u021bional\u0103 Fitosanitar\u0103<\/a>, iar autorit\u0103\u021bile au cerut sprijin guvernamental imediat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Faze comportamentale: de la solitar la gregari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u0103custele par la \u00eenceput simple l\u0103custe solitare, dar odat\u0103 ce densitatea popula\u021biei cre\u0219te, ele trec printr-o transformare uimitoare. Contactul frecvent \u00eentre insecte activeaz\u0103 <strong>niveluri ridicate de serotonin\u0103<\/strong>, ceea ce le face <strong>mai sociabile, m\u00e2nc\u0103cioase \u0219i rapide<\/strong>. \u00cen modul gregiar, devin atractive unele pentru altele, \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 culoarea \u0219i declan\u0219eaz\u0103 formarea roiului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Condi\u021bii climatice favorabile prolifer\u0103rii<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Invaziile mari de l\u0103custe sunt asociate cu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Secet\u0103 urmat\u0103 de ploi abundente<\/strong>, care creeaz\u0103 medii ideale pentru depunerea ou\u0103lor \u0219i apari\u021bia puilor (hopperi), deci condi\u021bii ideale pentru invazia l\u0103custelor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temperaturi ridicate<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>umiditate moderat\u0103<\/strong>, care accelereaz\u0103 ciclul de reproducere, ajung\u00e2nd la mai multe genera\u021bii pe an, fiecare cu poten\u021bial de expansiune semnificativ\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Triggere chimice \u0219i senzoriale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u0103custele solitare devin gregare nu doar prin mul\u021bime, ci \u0219i prin <strong>semnale chimice<\/strong> sau <strong>feromoni<\/strong>. Cercet\u0103rile recente au identificat substan\u021be precum 4\u2011VA care determin\u0103 comportamentul de roi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contactul tactil pe picioarele posterioare declan\u0219eaz\u0103 r\u0103spuns \u00een lan\u021b: serotonin\u0103 \u2192 atrac\u021bie social\u0103 \u2192 tranzi\u021bie comportamental\u0103, acesta fiind unul dintre motivele care determin\u0103 invazia l\u0103custelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Migra\u021bie \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire pe distan\u021be mari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dup\u0103 formarea roiului, adultii zboar\u0103 <strong>cu viteza v\u00e2ntului<\/strong>, acoperind \u0219i peste 100 km\/zi, astfel are lor invazia l\u0103custelor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roile pot traversa m\u0103ri (ex. Marea Mediteran\u0103 sau Neagr\u0103), mi\u0219c\u00e2ndu-se transfrontalier \u0219i provoc\u00e2nd extinderea abrupt\u0103 a invaziilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Rolul schimb\u0103rilor climatice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Climatul schimb\u0103tor<\/strong> produce cicluri extreme de ploi \u0219i secet\u0103, create de fenomene extreme sau intensific\u0103ri ale ciclonilor, condi\u021bion\u00e2nd evolu\u021bia masiv\u0103 a popula\u021biei l\u0103custlelor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vremea instabil\u0103 favorizeaz\u0103 medii fertile pentru ou\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219tere explosiv\u0103: genera\u021biile succesive pot cre\u0219te de <strong>mii de ori \u00eentr-un singur an<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Perspective \u0219tiin\u021bifice de control<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cen\u021belegerea <strong>procesului molecular<\/strong> al tranzi\u021biei, de ex. serotonina \u0219i feromonii, deschide calea pentru tehnologii care pot <strong>preveni formarea roiurilor<\/strong>, folosind biopesticide chimice \u021bintite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modele predictive bazate pe <strong>sateli\u021bi, date climatice \u0219i observa\u021bii la fa\u021ba locului<\/strong> permit semnale de alarm\u0103 timpurii \u0219i interven\u021bii rapide (ca cele dezvoltate la Cambridge).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cum\">Cum afecteaz\u0103 culturile agricole?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Efectele pe teren sunt devastatoare. O singur\u0103 <strong>specie migratoare<\/strong> poate forma roiuri dense: p\u00e2n\u0103 la <strong>80 de milioane de insecte pe km\u00b2<\/strong>, iar <strong>un milion de l\u0103custe pot consuma o ton\u0103 de vegeta\u021bie pe zi<\/strong>. Anul acesta, \u00een Delta Dun\u0103rii, roiurile au devorat tot, de la stuf la culturi de porumb, pe suprafete extinse. \u00cen Tulcea, zonele agricole risc\u0103 s\u0103 extind\u0103 pagubele \u00een jude\u021be precum Gala\u021bi, Br\u0103ila, Constan\u021ba, Ialomi\u021ba \u0219i Buz\u0103u dac\u0103 interven\u021bia \u00eent\u00e2rzie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"metode\">Metode de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva l\u0103custelor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitorizare \u0219i detectare timpurie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i fermierii sunt sf\u0103tui\u021bi s\u0103 inspecteze atent terenurile ruginite, paji\u0219tile \u0219i culturile dup\u0103 semne de \u00eenmul\u021bire insectelor. Detectarea timpurie a nimfelor este crucial\u0103 pentru control eficient&nbsp;al unei viitpare invazii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Insecticide chimice<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Se folosesc tratamente de contact pe sol \u0219i stropiri aeriene (elicopter, avion utilitar). \u00cen Tulcea, s-a apelat deja la elicopter cu insecticid pentru combatere. Se recomand\u0103 respectarea restric\u021biilor \u00een zone protejate (ex. Rezerva\u021bia Biosferei Delta Dun\u0103rii, zon\u0103 UNESCO), unde solu\u021biile chimice sunt limitate. <br>Sunt eficiente <strong>dac\u0103 sunt aplicate devreme<\/strong>, c\u00e2nd l\u0103custele sunt \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een faza de nimf\u0103 \u0219i nu zboar\u0103. Dac\u0103 invazia l\u0103custelor a \u00eenceput, este interven\u021bia cu insecticide nu mai este o solu\u021bie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Deltametrin<\/strong> ex. <a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/produse\/453497-decis-trap-015-mg.html\">Decis<\/a>, Fastac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lambda-cyhalothrin<\/strong> ex. <a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/fitofarmacie\/454757-karate-zeon-insecticid-1-l.html\">Karate Zeon<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chlorpyrifos<\/strong> (acum limitat sau interzis \u00een multe \u021b\u0103ri UE, inclusiv Rom\u00e2nia, dar \u00eenc\u0103 folosit \u00een unele state non-UE).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Malathion<\/strong> \u2013 aprobat de FAO pentru interven\u021bii \u00een roiuri mari.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>? <strong>Aten\u021bie<\/strong>: multe dintre aceste substan\u021be sunt toxice \u0219i pentru albine \u0219i fauna s\u0103lbatic\u0103. De aceea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stropirile trebuie autorizate de autorit\u0103\u021bile fitosanitare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nu se aplic\u0103 \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi sau \u00een apropierea stupinelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metode biologice\/alternative<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Biopesticide pe baz\u0103 de fungii entomopatogeni, precum <em>Metarhizium acridum<\/em>, precizate \u00een rapoarte FAO, cu eficien\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103, impact redus asupra mediului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Practici agricole durabile: rota\u021bia culturilor, diversificarea plantelor, cultivarea solului pentru a distruge ou\u0103le \u00een sol. Folosite mai ales \u00een zone protejate (ex. Delta Dun\u0103rii), unde insecticidele clasice sunt interzise. Sunt mai lente, dar <strong>nu afecteaz\u0103 alte insecte benefice<\/strong> sau p\u0103s\u0103rile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Metarhizium acridum<\/strong> \u2013 o ciuperc\u0103 entomopatogen\u0103, care atac\u0103 exclusiv l\u0103custele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nosema locustae<\/strong> \u2013 un microsporidian care infecteaz\u0103 \u0219i reduce mobilitatea l\u0103custelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u0103suri comunitare<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Coordonare la nivel local \u0219i central, comisii de urgen\u021b\u0103, colaborare \u00eentre fermieri \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avertizarea apicultorilor (\u00een contextul pesticidelor). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stropiri aeriene <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eficiente pentru roiuri mari, \u00een c\u00e2mp deschis sau p\u0103\u0219uni \u00eentinse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se aplic\u0103 doar de echipe profesioniste, cu sprijinul autorit\u0103\u021bilor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, au fost deja aplicate tratamente aeriene \u00een Tulcea \u00een iulie 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combatere prevenire mecanic\u0103 \u0219i agricol\u0103 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aratul \u0219i discuitul<\/strong> terenurilor \u00een toamn\u0103\/prim\u0103var\u0103: distruge ou\u0103le depuse \u00een sol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cosirea<\/strong> vegeta\u021biei \u00eenainte ca nimfele s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la maturitate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distrugerea p\u0103\u0219unilor invadate<\/strong>, unde l\u0103custele depun ou\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00cenchiderea accesului la culturi<\/strong> prin plas\u0103 sau garduri temporare, mai rar folosit, dar posibil \u00een gr\u0103dini sau solarii.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitorizare \u0219i interven\u021bie timpurie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cea mai bun\u0103 metod\u0103 este <strong>detectarea timpurie<\/strong> a ou\u0103lor \u0219i nimfelor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, Direc\u021biile Fitosanitare \u0219i APIA pot fi anun\u021bate dac\u0103 se observ\u0103 apari\u021bia \u00een mas\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tratamentele aplicate \u00een faz\u0103 incipient\u0103 sunt <strong>de 5\u201310 ori mai eficiente<\/strong> dec\u00e2t combaterea roiurilor adulte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concluzie<\/strong> &#8211; invazia l\u0103custelor poate fi prevenit\u0103 cu r\u0103bdare, \u00een timp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invazia l\u0103custelor<\/strong> este o amenin\u021bare real\u0103 \u0219i actual\u0103 pentru Rom\u00e2nia. Evenimentele recente din Delta Dun\u0103rii \u0219i Tulcea aduc \u00een prim\u2011plan necesitatea: monitoriz\u0103rii constante, interven\u021biei rapide, chimice sau alternative, coordon\u0103rii comunitare \u0219i profesionale.&nbsp;(imagine preluat\u0103 de pe grupul de Facebook al localit\u0103\u021bii C.A. Rosetti).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/ghiduri-agroland-intretinerea-gradinii\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Substrat-Universal-Agroland-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23937\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Substrat-Universal-Agroland-1.png 500w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Substrat-Universal-Agroland-1-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/magazinele-noastre\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"409\" src=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-1024x409.png\" alt=\"buton Adrese magazine agroland\" class=\"wp-image-23940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-1024x409.png 1024w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-1000x400.png 1000w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine-500x200.png 500w, https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Banner-adrese-magazine.png 1183w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Invazia l\u0103custelor nu e doar un subiect biblic, ci o realitate agricol\u0103 care face, din ce \u00een ce mai des probleme. \u00cen vara lui 2025, Rom\u00e2nia a fost zguduit\u0103 de alerte cauzate de roiurile de l\u0103custe care au invadat, \u00een special, Delta Dun\u0103rii. Vezi cauzele \u0219i ce solu\u021bii pot fi luate \u00een comunit\u0103\u021bile afectate. De&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/cum-se-poate-preveni-invazia-lacustelor\/\">Continu\u0103 lectura <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Invazia l\u0103custelor \u2013 ce o provoac\u0103 \u0219i ce solu\u021bii de preven\u021bie sunt<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":41056,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,103,40],"tags":[2531],"class_list":["post-41055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-gradina-livada","category-specialistul-agroland","tag-invazia-lacustelor","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41055"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41068,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41055\/revisions\/41068"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroland.ro\/c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}